Along with our much-loved coinage, the Union Flag, known popularly as the Union Jack, is one of the most potent symbols of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
As it flutters over Buckingham Palace today, few of the Queen's subjects can imagine the mixture of excitement and consternation that greeted the original Act of Union in 1707, passed in the reign of Queen Anne.
The process had started over a century earlier, as James VI of Scotland ascended to the English throne, taking the title James I. Just as James had united the crowns of the two countries, Queen Anne united their Parliaments.
Down the ages, various symbols and artefacts have reinforced that momentous decision: the Great Seal of Queen Anne; The Royal Mint's own standard coinage weights, and the patterned halfpenny, displaying the rose and thistle image now recaptured in a contemporary design by Yvonne Holton, FRSA.